Background paper
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Foresight in a state of war and geopolitical tensions: Scenario-building methodology
Summary This paper presents the conceptual background and methodological approach designed for the RE-ENGAGE foresight exercise and scenario development process. The foresight and scenarios designed focus specifically on the involvement of key external actors (Russia, China, Türkiye and the United States) in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans in the…
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External actors’ engagement in the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe
Summary: This study analyses the main interests and modes of engagement of the dominant EU’s actual and potential competitors and other external actors in the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe. The paper specifically zooms on four such actors – Russia, China, Türkiye, and the U.S. – and outlines their long-term…
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Hybridity and hybrid regimes in the Western Balkans in a time of war and increased geopolitical tensions
This paper examines the hybrid governance in Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Albania, focusing on their capacity for democratic resilience and the effectiveness of EU democracy promotion, with attention to electoral systems, political parties, judicial independence, and media freedom.
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Hybridity and hybrid regimes in the Eastern Neighbourhood in a time of war and increased geopolitical tensions
This background paper delivers a comprehensive understanding of the post- independence trajectories of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine toward the consolidation of hybridity, understood as a distinct type of regime that oscillates between democratic and authoritarian practices of power.
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The interest of values: The EU’s democracy promotion in the Western Balkans and the eastern neighbourhood
This paper examines the policies and instruments the EU has deployed to promote democracy in the Western Balkans and the eastern neighbourhood